1. Photovoltaic Modules (PV Modules): Photovoltaic modules are the heart of the photovoltaic system, directly converting sunlight into electrical energy. They are typically composed of numerous photovoltaic cells, generally made of silicon, which exploit the photovoltaic effect to generate electrical current.
2. Mounting and Racking Systems: Mounting and Racking systems are used to mount and support PV modules to maximize sunlight absorption. They must provide sufficient structural strength and resistance to environmental conditions.
3.Inverter: Inverters are key components of the photovoltaic system and convert the direct current (DC) produced by the photovoltaic modules into alternating current (AC), suitable for powering the electrical grid or household and commercial consumer devices. Inverters also optimize the system's power output and monitor its performance.
4. Electrical Connections and Distribution Systems: These systems include cables, junction boxes, connectors and safety switches that efficiently transport the electrical energy produced by the PV modules to the inverters and storage systems or to the electrical grid. Distribution systems also include protection devices and energy management components to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system.
5.Battery Storage Systems: Some photovoltaic systems integrate battery storage systems to store excess electricity produced during the day, to be used at night or in conditions of low sunlight. These systems increase the self-sufficiency of the system and provide backup energy.
6.Monitoring and Data Acquisition Systems: Monitoring systems monitor the performance and operating status of the PV system in real time. Using sensors and monitoring devices, they collect data such as power output, sunlight intensity, temperature, and system efficiency, enabling remote monitoring, fault diagnosis, and performance optimization.
7. Power Optimizers: Some systems may include power optimizers installed on each PV module or string of modules. These devices maximize the system's energy production and improve efficiency, especially in shadows or uneven lighting conditions.
8.Protection Devices and Safety Equipment: These devices include lightning arresters, short circuit protectors, overvoltage protectors, and other devices designed to protect the PV system from electrical faults, lightning, and adverse weather conditions.
A complete photovoltaic system is composed of a series of precisely designed components that work together to maximize the efficiency of using solar resources. With a photovoltaic system, excess energy produced by solar panels during the day can be used at night or in the event of a blackout, ensuring a continuous and stable energy supply. This significantly reduces energy costs, freeing you from the impact of energy prices. In addition, excess energy can be sold to the public electricity grid, thus increasing revenue.
